Three Keys to Presenting a Great Appellate Oral Argument

May 5th, 2012

Earlier this week, I attended the annual banquet of the Patrick Higginbotham Inn of Court.  The featured speaker was Seth Waxman, who served as chief appellate counsel to the U.S. government under President Clinton.  Waxman said that there are three keys to presenting a great appellate oral argument:

1. If you want to present a great appellate oral argument, you must be passionate about your case.  If you are just handling the case to make a living, it will show.

2. If you want to present a great appellate oral argument, you must prepare comprehensively.  Don’t just do enough preparation to get by.  Every argument deserves what others might call over-preparation.  You should know every aspect of the case, including the entire factual record, all of the law, and all of the implications of every argument made in the case.

You should make a list of every question which might be asked at oral argument, including those which might be asked by an unprepared judge, by a moderately prepared judge, and by a thoroughly prepared judge.  After you finish listing those questions, prepare your answers to each question.  Then try to answer the questions.  Finally, review your answers to the questions and make a list of all of the follow-up questions that might be asked in response to your answers.

You should try to explain the case to non-lawyers, possibly even school-age children.  While most other aspects of your preparation will help you see the trees, this exercise will help you see the forest.  And it is important not to neglect this big-picture perspective.

3. Before you stand up to present oral argument, know what one point you absolutely want to get across to the judges.  Be absolutely clear in your mind what that point is.  Be certain that, when your argument is over, you will have made that point.  Polish and refine that point to its purest and simplest form.  Be prepared to present that point in the fewest possible words.  Have a plan to get that point made.  When asked a question by a judge, answer the question directly and then—if at all possible—circle back to your point.

Dorsaneo’s Top 5 Tips on Writing an Appellate Brief

April 19th, 2012

SMU Law School Professor Bill Dorsaneo spoke at today’s Dallas Bar Association Appellate Section meeting.  He offered a number of tips on writing an appellate brief.  Here are my five favorites:

1. To make the statement of facts section of your brief compelling, include only those facts relevant to the legal issues you will be arguing.  Doing otherwise will (1) dilute the facts that are helpful to your legal argument and (2) suggest to the justices that you don’t mind wasting their time.

2. The table of contents section of your brief should, by itself, tell a compelling story about the appeal and why you should win.  The same is true for the issues presented section of your brief.

3. If something in your brief is extremely important, repeat it in at least one other place in the brief.  Otherwise, you risk the possibility that a justice will accidentally miss seeing it.

4. Your brief should only include your strongest arguments.  Weaker arguments dilute stronger arguments.

5. In deciding what issues to raise in your brief, you should consider four factors.  First, was the error preserved?  If not, there is no point in raising the error as an issue. Second, what is the applicable standard of review?  Appeals are often won with a de novo standard of review, but rarely won with an abuse of discretion standard of review.  Third, was the error harmless?  If the error was harmless, there is no point in raising the error as an issue.  Fourth, would the issue be inconsistent with prior case law from the court hearing your appeal or a higher court?  If so, stare decisis will almost certainly trump any argument you might make.

Interview by Texas Lawyer reporter

March 30th, 2012

This morning, Texas Lawyer senior reporter John Council interviewed me about appellate oral arguments.  To watch the interview, click here, and then click on the “play” button.

Largest Judgments Rendered by Dallas – Fort Worth Courts

February 2nd, 2012

State courts in Dallas, Tarrant, Collin, and Denton counties all rendered large judgments in 2011. Perhaps not surprisingly, due to their smaller dockets, state courts in the outlying counties of the DFW area did not render any judgments over $1,000,000 in 2011.

While federal courts sit in four locations in the DFW area (Dallas, Fort Worth, Plano, and Sherman), of these, only the Dallas federal courts rendered judgments over $1,000,000 in 2011.

At over $74.1 million, Art Midwest, Inc. v. Clapper was by far the largest DFW-area judgment rendered in 2011. The case, out of Judge David Godbey’s federal district court in Dallas, involved a dispute among parties to the sale of eight apartment complexes. The judgment, which followed a jury verdict, has been appealed to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in New Orleans.

At over $11.2 million, Resort Development Latin America, Inc. v. Barton was the second-largest DFW-area judgment rendered 2011. It was the largest rendered in state court. The case, out of Judge Tonya Parker’s state district court in Dallas, involved allegations that an officer of a real estate development company left the company to form a competing company. The judgment, which followed a jury verdict, has been appealed to the Dallas Court of Appeals.

At over $10.9 million, Cravens v. Myers was the third-largest DFW-area judgment rendered in 2011. It was the second largest rendered in state court and was the largest rendered in Tarrant County. The case, out of Judge Bonnie Sudderth’s state district court in Fort Worth, involved a dispute among partners who were working to develop a surgical hospital. The judgment, which followed a jury verdict, has been appealed to the Fort Worth Court of Appeals.

At over $5.4 million, OurLink, LLC v. Goldberg was the fourth-largest DFW-area judgment rendered in 2011. It was the second largest rendered in federal court. The case, in which judgment was rendered by Dallas federal magistrate Judge Jeff Kaplan, involved allegations that the owners of a company provided misleading information about the company’s profitability to induce a buyer to purchase the company. The judgment, which followed an arbitration award, was not appealed.

At over $4.6 million, RSS Rail Signal Systems Corp. v. Sky King Foundation, Inc. was the fifth-largest DFW-area judgment rendered in 2011. It was the second largest rendered in the state courts of Dallas County. The case, out of Judge Carl Ginsberg’s state district court in Dallas, involved allegations that a company was provided money for the purchase of an airplane but instead used the money for other purposes. The judgment, which followed a jury verdict, has been appealed to the Dallas Court of Appeals.

At over $4.4 million, Abutahoun v. Dow Chemical Co. was the sixth-largest DFW-area judgment rendered in 2011. It was the largest in which a personal injury was alleged. The case, out of Judge Jim Jordan’s state district court in Dallas, involved allegations that asbestos-containing products used at a chemical plant caused an individual to suffer from mesothelioma. The judgment, which followed a jury verdict, has been appealed to the Dallas Court of Appeals.

At over $4.1 million, Factory Mutual Insurance Co. v. Alon, USA, LP was the seventh-largest DFW-area judgment rendered in 2011. The case, out of Judge David Godbey’s federal district court in Dallas, involved an explosion at a refinery, an insurance company’s payment to its insured for property damage, and the insurance company seeking to recover the amount of that payment from the refinery’s owners. The judgment, which followed a bench trial, has been appealed to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in New Orleans.

At over $4 million, Fritts v. McDowell was the eighth-largest DFW-area judgment rendered in 2011. The case, out of Judge Martin Lowy’s state district court in Dallas, involved allegations that a company was not fulfilling contractual obligations to liquidate a former employee’s ownership interests. The judgment, which followed a jury verdict, was not appealed.

At exactly $4 million, Knuff v. Gevisser was the ninth-largest DFW-area judgment rendered in 2011. The case, out of Judge Martin Lowy’s state district court in Dallas, involved allegations that defamatory statements were posted on websites and were also sent via email. The judgment, which followed a bench trial, has been appealed to the Dallas Court of Appeals.

At over $3.8 million, Nationwide Recovery Systems, Ltd. v. HHT Ltd., LLC was the tenth-largest DFW-area judgment rendered in 2011. It was the largest rendered in Collin County. The case, out of Judge Scott Becker’s state district court in McKinney, involved allegations that former employees were violating their confidentiality and non-solicitation agreements. The judgment, which followed a jury verdict, has been appealed to the Dallas Court of Appeals.

At over $3.8 million, Chieftain International (U.S.), Inc. v. Endeavor Oil & Gas, Inc. was the eleventh-largest DFW-area judgment rendered in 2011. The case, out of Judge Martin Hoffman’s state district court in Dallas, involved allegations that an owner of an interest in mineral rights did not pay the owner’s share of costs related to work performed on wells. The judgment, which followed a jury verdict, was not appealed.

At over $3.4 million, Monroe Shop Partners, Ltd. v. Dallas Area Rapid Transit Authority was the twelfth-largest DFW-area judgment rendered in 2011. The case, out of Judge Carlos Cortez’s state district court in Dallas, involved a dispute over the purchase of real estate. The judgment, which followed a jury verdict, has been appealed to the Dallas Court of Appeals.

At over $3 million, Bell v. Freeman was the thirteenth-largest DFW-area judgment rendered in 2011. It was the second largest rendered in Tarrant County. The case, out of Judge Dana Womack’s state district court in Fort Worth, involved allegations that a bar had served alcohol to a patron and that the patron’s intoxication-impaired driving caused several deaths. The judgment, which followed a jury verdict, has been challenged by motion in the trial court.

At over $2.4 million, Goodwin v. Quiktrip Corp. was the fourteenth-largest DFW-area judgment rendered in 2011. It was the largest rendered in Denton County. The case, out of Judge Doug Robison’s state district court in Denton, involved allegations that a woman was raped and murdered after leaving a convenience store. The judgment, which followed a jury verdict, has been challenged by motion in the trial court.

At over $2.3 million, Worldwide Express Operations, LLC v. DHL Express (USA), Inc. was the fifteenth-largest DFW-area judgment rendered in 2011. The case, out of Judge Craig Smith’s state district court in Dallas, involved a dispute between a shipping service provider and a company that had contracted with the provider to resell the provider’s services. The judgment, which followed a jury verdict, has been appealed to the Dallas Court of Appeals.

At over $2.2 million, Courier Solutions, Inc. v. CSA Delivery, Inc. was the sixteenth-largest DFW-area judgment rendered in 2011. The case, out of Judge David Godbey’s federal district court in Dallas, involved allegations that an officer of a corporation diverted business opportunities from the corporation to a completing corporation he had formed. The judgment, which followed a jury verdict, has been appealed to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in New Orleans.

At over $2.2 million, Barash Energy, Ltd. v. Ropa Exploration Corp. was the seventeenth-largest DFW-area judgment rendered in 2011. The case, out of Judge Dana Womack’s state district court in Fort Worth, involved allegations of failure to repay money lent pursuant to a promissory note. The judgment, which followed a jury verdict, has been appealed to the Fort Worth Court of Appeals.

At over $2.2 million, Bravo v. I.J.R., Inc. was the eighteenth-largest DFW-area judgment rendered in 2011. The case, out of Judge David Godbey’s federal district court in Dallas, involved allegations that an employee was injured due to the negligence of his co-workers. The judgment, which followed a bench trial, was not appealed.

At over $2.1 million, J.G. Cooper Development, Inc. v. Lawyers Title Co. was the nineteenth-largest DFW-area judgment rendered in 2011. The case, out of Judge Carl Ginsberg’s state district court in Dallas, involved allegations that a title company authorized disbursement of escrowed funds without authorization. The judgment, which followed the trial court granting a motion for summary judgment, has been appealed to the Dallas Court of Appeals.

At over $1.9 million, Phillips v. BNSF Railway Co. was the twentieth-largest DFW-area judgment rendered in 2011. The case, out of Judge Tom Lowe’s state district court in Fort Worth, involved allegations that an employee was injured due to cumulative trauma incurred during the course of his employment. The judgment, which followed a jury verdict, has been appealed to the Fort Worth Court of Appeals.

Texas Supreme Court justice shares thoughts about appellate advocacy

January 21st, 2012

I recently attended a continuing legal education seminar at which Justice Don Willett provided some tips about practice before the Texas Supreme Court. Here are the highlights of his presentation:

1. Bookmarks and hyperlinks in a document are extremely helpful.

2. The Texas Supreme Court receives a high volume of petitions for review and, consequently, the justices have very limited time to spend reviewing any one petition. Think of a petition for review like “speed dating.” You have very little time to get the justices interested. If you try to discuss too many issues in that little time, you will be unlikely to get the justices interested. Also, if you focus on winning your case rather than interesting the justices, you decrease your odds of accomplishing either. Instead, simply focus on interesting the justices. If you succeed in interesting the justices, they will want to spend more time with your case, inviting you to file a brief on the merits. And, at that point, the justices will be more receptive to arguments about why you should win the case.

3. If the court of appeals opinion indicates that a dispositive factor (e.g., waiver) keeps you from prevailing on an issue, you should address that dispositive factor in your petition for review.

4. Do not try to avoid the page limit by including matters subject to the page limit (e.g., factual background or legal argument) in a section not subject to the page limit (e.g., the statement of the case). The justices will certainly take note of this.

Court of Appeals justice shares thoughts about appellate advocacy

December 9th, 2011

I recently attended a continuing legal education seminar at which Justice Elizabeth Lang-Miers provided some tips about practice before the Dallas Court of Appeals.  Here are the highlights of her presentation:

1. An appellee’s brief should present arguments in the same order that they were presented in the appellant’s brief.  Although an appellee might be tempted to present her strongest arguments first, doing so would make it much tougher for the appellate justices to do their job.

2. Do not call opposing counsel a liar or state that she is misrepresenting something.  Lawyers who do so only make themselves look bad.  Instead, state that the parties disagree about a matter and the better interpretation is such-and-such.  If opposing counsel is truly being dishonest with the court, it will be easy for the justices to come to this conclusion by studying the case and/or the record at issue.

Dallas Court of Appeals cases for the week of November 14, 2011

November 19th, 2011

For the week of November 14, 2011, the Dallas Court of Appeals issued twelve opinions in civil cases.  Six of these dispose of a case without a detailed discussion of the merits (e.g., dismissing a case for want of prosecution, dismissing a case for mootness, dismissing a case pursuant to settlement).  The remaining six cases are as follows:

Bever Props., L.L.C. v. Jerry Huffman Custom Builder, L.L.C. (05-10-00323-CV) – Recites well-established (1) standard for reviewing traditional summary judgment; (2) rule that denial of summary judgment is reviewable when both parties moved for summary judgment and the trial court has granted one motion and denied the other; (3) rule that, when a party moves for summary judgment on multiple grounds and the trial court’s order granting the motion does not specify the grounds relied upon for its ruling, a party appealing that order must negate all possible grounds upon which the order could have been granted; (4) rule that a trial court can render summary judgment only on those grounds that are specifically addressed in a motion for summary judgment; (5) standard for reviewing no-evidence summary judgment; (6) rule that a no-evidence motion for summary judgment that only generally challenges the sufficiency of the nonmovant’s case and fails to identify the specific elements of the nonmovant’s claim or claims that lack supporting evidence is insufficient to support summary judgment; (7) elements of civil conspiracy claim; (8) elements of breach of fiduciary duty claim; and (9) elements of negligent misrepresentation claim.

Hewitt v. Biscaro (05-10-01011-CV) – Recites well-established (1) holding that an objection that an affidavit contains hearsay is an objection to the form of the affidavit; (2) rule that a defect in the form of an affidavit must be objected to in the trial court; (3) rule that the failure to obtain a ruling on an objection to the form of an affidavit waives the objection; (4) standard for reviewing traditional summary judgment; and (5) rule that, where a party’s performance under a contract is made impracticable by the occurrence of an event the non-occurrence of which was a basic assumption on which the contract was made, his duty to render that performance is discharged.

In re Pruitt (05-11-01526-CV) – Recites well-established rule that court of appeals does not have mandamus jurisdiction over a justice of the peace.

Kishor v. TXU Energy Retail Co., LLC (05-10-01496-CV) – Recites well-established (1) rule that appellate court does not have jurisdiction to consider issues raised on appeal by a party who did not file or join in a timely notice of appeal; (2) standard for reviewing a trial court’s evidentiary rulings; (3) rule that an appellate court considers the entire record, including any trial on the merits, in reviewing a trial court’s venue determination; (4) standard for reviewing factual sufficiency of evidence; (5) rule that, if there is a written contract that unambiguously shows on its face that it is the obligation of the person who signed it, the signer may not introduce parol evidence to show that the signer intended to bind only his principal; and (6) rule that the trial judge is the sole arbiter of the credibility of witnesses in a bench trial.

McCoy v. Dallas Area Rapid Transit (05-10-01478-CV) – Recites well-established (1) rule that, when a party moves for summary judgment on multiple grounds and the trial court’s order granting the motion does not specify the grounds relied upon for its ruling, a party appealing that order must negate all possible grounds upon which the order could have been granted; and (2) rule that, in any suit against a governmental entity, the plaintiff must plead a valid waiver of immunity.

Riner v. Neumann (05-10-00445-CV) – Recites well-established (1) standard for reviewing traditional summary judgment; (2) definition of “deed of trust”; (3) rule that an alternative pleading cannot be used as a judicial admission; (4) definition of “conclusory statement”; (5) rule that a conclusory statement in an affidavit can neither support nor defeat summary judgment; (6) definition of “the American Rule”; (7) rule that a plaintiff in a trespass-to-try-title suit cannot recover damages; (8) holding that Texas’s only exception to the American Rule is the common-fund doctrine; and (9) holding that trial courts lack the authority to award attorneys’ fees contrary to the American Rule.

Dallas Court of Appeals cases for the week of November 7, 2011

November 11th, 2011

For the week of November 7, 2011, the Dallas Court of Appeals issued twenty-one opinions in civil cases.  Twelve of these dispose of a case without a detailed discussion of the merits (e.g., dismissing a case for want of prosecution, dismissing a case for mootness, dismissing a case pursuant to settlement).  The remaining nine cases are as follows:

Broadnax v. Texas Mut. Ins. Co. (05-11-0589-CV) – Recites well-established (1) rule that a plaintiff has the absolute right to a non-suit of its case at the moment the plaintiff file a non-suit motion with the clerk or makes a motion in open court as long as the defendant has not made a claim for affirmative relief; (2) rule that an order granting a non-suit, not the requesting of a nonsuit, triggers appellate deadlines; and (3) rule that, without a timely-filed notice of appeal, an appellate court has no jurisdiction over an appeal.

Bruce v. Federal Nat’l Mortgage Ass’n (05-10-01402-CV) – Recites well-established (1) rule that, in a forcible detainer action, the only issue to be determined is whether a party seeking is entitled to immediate possession; and (2) rule that a forcible detainer action is in addition to any other remedy that a party may have, such as a question regarding title.

GE Money Bank v. Sharif (05-10-01222-CV) –  Recites well-established rule that an order granting a motion for new trial within the trial court’s plenary jurisdiction is not subject to review either by direct appeal from that order or from a final judgment rendered after further proceedings in the trial court.

Imagine Auto. Group, Inc. v. Boardwalk Motor Cars, LLC (05-11-01119-CV) – Recites well-established (1) standard for reviewing trial court’s determination of the amount of security necessary to supercede a judgment; and (2) rule that attorneys’ fees are not considered “compensatory damages” in a breach of contract case unless the contract provides for fees as compensation.  Additionally, holds that attorneys’ fees are not considered compensatory damages in a Texas Theft Liability Act case.

In re A.T. (05-10-00363-CV) – Recites well-established (1) standard for reviewing an order granting or denying a bill of review; (2) under an abuse of discretion standard, legal and factual insufficiency are not independent grounds for reversal; and (3) statute of limitations applicable to bills of review.

In re Estate of Hudson (05-11-00008-CV) – Recites well-established rule that the proponent of a will has the burden to establish that the will is valid and has not been revoked.

In re J.D.D. (05-10-01488-CV) – Recites well-established standard for reviewing trial court’s decision to modify child support or conservatorship.

Litoff v. Meadows Serv. Corp. (05-10-01173-CV) – Recites well-established (1) standard of review of county court’s dismissal for deficient appeal bond; (2) rule that appellate jurisdiction is never presumed; and (3) rule that a court always has the authority to determine its own subject matter jurisdiction.

Walters v. 21st Century Ins. Co. (05-11-01391-CV) – Recites well-established rule that an oral notice of appeal does not constitute a notice of appeal within the meaning of the rules of appellate procedure.

Court of Appeals justice shares thoughts about e-filed appellate briefs

November 8th, 2011

I recently attended a continuing legal education seminar at which Justice Martin Richter spoke about e-filing in the Dallas Court of Appeals.  Here are the highlights of his presentation:

1. The Dallas Court of Appeals began accepting e-filing this year.  E-filing has been well-received by the court and will likely become mandatory sometime next year.

2. Don’t merely prepare an appellate brief as you’ve always done and then convert it to PDF for e-filing.  Instead, prepare the brief so that it can be easily read and navigated on an iPad. . . as all of the court’s justices now have iPads.

3. Hyperlinks and bookmarks are extremely helpful in navigating a brief. 

4. All e-filings in the court must be submitted via one of the six approved providers.  Amazingly, one of the six providers removes hyperlinks and bookmarks from briefs before forwarding the briefs to the court.  [Justice Richter did not identify this provider, but it seems that he was referring to ProDoc, which happens to be the largest provider in terms of users and filings.]

Dallas Court of Appeals cases for the week of October 31, 2011

November 8th, 2011

For the week of October 31, 2011, the Dallas Court of Appeals issued eighteen opinions in civil cases.  Fourteen of these dispose of a case without a detailed discussion of the merits (e.g., dismissing a case for want of prosecution, dismissing a case for mootness, dismissing a case pursuant to settlement).  The remaining four cases are as follows:

Dallas County v. Logan (05-11-00480-CV) – Recites well-established (1) standard for reviewing whether trial court had subject matter jurisdiction; and (2) rule that, under the common-law doctrine of sovereign immunity, the state cannot be sued without its consent.

Milwee-Jackson Joint Venture v. Dallas Area Rapid Transit (05-08-01164-CV) – Recites well-established (1) standard for reviewing traditional summary judgment; (2) standard for reviewing traditional summary judgment; (3) rule that, when both traditional and no-evidence summary motions for summary judgment are at issue, appellate court reviews no-evidence summary judgment first; (4) standard for reviewing whether access to property has been materially and substantially impaired; (5) statute of limitations applicable to inverse condemnation claims; (6) rule that sovereign immunity deprives a trial court of subject-matter jurisdiction for lawsuits in which the State or certain governmental units have been sued unless the State consents to suit; (7) rule that immunity from liability is an affirmative defense; and (8) elements of a “takings claim.”

Payberah v. Payberah (05-10-01098-CV) – Recites well-established (1) definition of the term “waiver”; and (2) rule that a reply brief may not be used to raise new issues on appeal.

Pediatrix Med. Group, Inc. v. Robinson (05-10-01546-CV) – Recites well-established standard for reviewing trial court’s decision with respect to expert reports required for health care liability claims.